The Standards Movement Developing High Quality Early...

The standards movement plays a critical role in developing high-quality early childhood programs. According to Freeney, Galper, and Seefeldt (2009) â€Å"the standards movement is one of the most influential trends in all of education in the last few decades† (p. 260). The main goal of creating standards in early childhood education was to prepare all children to start school ready to learn. However, there was much debate about what and how readiness was determined. This brief dissertation describes the standards movement and its relation to developmentally appropriate practices (DAP), identifies and explains my position in regards to these approaches, and identifies a particular instructional strategy that reinforces early learning standards. The Standards Movement The standards movement emerged during former President Bill Clinton’s presidency in 1989 to ensure that early childhood programs followed guidelines that prepared young children for school. Young learners were prepared in areas of cognitive, language and communication, physical, and social/emotional development. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE, n. d.) notes â€Å"that early learning standards can be a valuable part of a comprehensive, high-quality system of services for young children† (p. 1). However, key elements that must take place to ensure success include: (1) emphasizeShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Play For Early Childhood Education Programs1699 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine?the relevance of the main discourses of play for early childhood education programs This essay introduces the definition of play, its importance in early years. It also makes us understand the different contributions made by theorists in enhancing our understanding the value of play. It also examines the implications of play on children and early childhood services. We also discuss the origin and role of child-initiated play in a child?s early years. Play is defined as universal language and aRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mayo Clinic goes on to say that childhood obesity is particularly troubling because it starts kids off on an early path to health complications that they could encounter later in life (Mayo). The Centers for Decease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently started referring to obesity as an â€Å"epidemic† and new national statistics show that about 16.06% of American children, ages six years old to eleven years old, are considered to be overweigh (Childhood Obesity Facts). The California DepartmentRead MoreEssay on Child Development2912 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction In developing countries, a large number of children are exposed to various risk factors in their early childhood. These include malnutrition, poor health and reduced levels of home stimulation. The risk factors including poverty, low levels of maternal education, child malnutrition, teenage parenting, increased levels of maternal stress and depression, low weights during birth, unsafe neighborhoods, and reduced stimulation at home, and those children that are exposed to a variety ofRead MoreA Popular Education Quote From Henry Brougham Goes This Way1252 Words   |  6 Pagesare various laws and movements for the support of education. The Education for All (EFA) is the battle cry of the United Nations. Everybody must have the access to free and equitable education. Our 1987 Philippine Constitution also provides in Article XIV, Section 1 that, â€Å"the state shall provide and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps t o make such education accessible to all.† There are various programs of the government gearedRead MoreHow Different Systems Of Production And Their Contributing Socioeconomic Institutions Characterize Different Economic Periods?1606 Words   |  7 Pagescharacterize different economic periods (Blau, 2003). The SSA theory accepts crisis as a part of the capitalist cycle, and expects the market to collapse for new opportunities for growth and capital gains. At the end of the 19th century and in the early and mid-20th century, there have been three major economic collapses that shaped the structure and operation of the USA. Reich (2009) notes the Depression of the1890s due to the devaluation of the dollar and agricultural crisis was resolved politicallyRead MoreGap Between Education And Education1703 Words   |  7 Pageseducation has evolved to mean education aimed at children aged from four to six, and the terms â€Å"early childhood education† or â€Å"primary education† have come to define the period from birth to age three. Early childhood education is without a doubt growing fast. In several countries, children born into poverty are beginning to gain from the pre-school experience, although obvious inequalities still continue between high-class and low-class children and between urban and rural children. Inequality in accessRead MorePreschool Programs And The Universal Preschool2914 Words   |  12 PagesPreschool p rograms are designed specifically to make sure that children are ready for kindergarten and will be able to succeed in school by third grade. All preschool programs have three characteristics in common. They are governed by high program standards, are open to 3 and 4 year–olds, and focus on school readiness. The term universal preschool means that preschool programs are available to any child in a given state, regardless of family income, children’s abilities, or any other factors (Colker)Read MoreCurrent Issues and Trends in Assessment in Early Childhood Education6428 Words   |  26 PagesAssessment in Early Childhood Education The 1980s brought a new reform movement in education, accompanied by a new emphasis on testing. The effort to improve education at all levels included the use of standardized tests to provide accountability for what students are learning. Minimum competency tests, achievement tests, and screening instruments were used to ensure that students from preschool through college reached the desired educational goals and achieved the minimum standards of education thatRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagespublication is the second of a three-volume series designed to im ­ rove early learning and p develop ­ ent for California’s preschool m children. Young children are naturally eager to learn. However, not all of them enter kindergarten ready for school. All too often, children are already lagging behind their classmates, and this circumstance can impede their continued learning and development long past kindergarten. High-quality preschool teaching contributes to children’s longrange social andRead MoreThe Fight Against Juvenile Crime4550 Words   |  19 Pagesto their full capacity. Education was and continues to be a game-changing social reform. Reformers have viewed education as the key to individual opportunity and to the creation of an enlightened and responsible population. They also believe that quality public schooling is among the most effective weapons in the fight against juvenile crime and is an essential component aiding in the assimilation of immigrants. A good education provides substantial benefits to individuals and, as individual benefits

Analysis Of Soni And David Pitts On Diversity And Work...

In this assignment, I will deliberate the theoretical framework of two authors, Vidu Soni and David Pitts on the topics of diversity and work performance. I will discuss a brief review of Soni’s theoretical model of receptivity to diversity and summarize her findings. Secondly, I will examine the relationship between diversity and work related outcomes presented by David Pitts. Thirdly, I will consider the assumptions of diversity and work performance and lastly, address the theories and recap the conclusions. As I read the article, â€Å"A twenty-first-century reception for diversity in the public sector: A case study† by author Vidu Soni, the main focus of the study is about how receptive the workforce is about diversity and who are the main components to contribute to the change in the workplace. Soni studied the â€Å"diversity model† aiming as an involvement and a practical method to fully and equitably utilization towards rewarding employees or workers of different racial or ethnic backgrounds. â€Å"This model not only advocates that organizations actually recognize, accept, and value diversity in workplaces.† The model show’s that diversity is a desirable goal in itself. In the theoretical model of Soni’s case study (2000), â€Å"receptivity to diversity was measured by employee perceptions of salience of diversity and their attitudes toward diversity.†(p. 397) Soni talks about the theoretical model and its focus on three independent variables. These variables are assumed to

Entrepreneurial Orientation & Firm Performance-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the different elements of Entrepreneurial Orientation along with that of competitive strategy of the firms. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is indicative of a multidimensional construct that characterizes the entrepreneurial behavior of that of the firm that includes the three dimensions- risk-taking, being pro-active and that of innovations. Competitive strategy can help a company in getting competitive advantage over that of the competitors within the industry. This report analyzes how the entrepreneurial orientation along with that of competitive advantage can help in increasing the performance of an organization. Concept of Entrepreneurial Orientation Risk taking, pro-activeness and innovation are distinguishing characteristics of firms that are entrepreneurial. In relation to entrepreneurial orientation, risk-taking means venturing in the unfamiliar terrain by taking recourse to bold action. Substantial resources are committed in different ventures within ambiguous settings. According to Wales, Gupta and Mousa (2013), a pioneering outlook is indicative of the pro-active factor which introduces new services along with products in front of the competitor. Focusing on the aspect of Research and Development paves the path for innovation and a leader in the arena of technology can produce innovative products. It has been found that entrepreneurial orientation is contingent in relation to that of the context and exhibits different result on the basis of the context like that of strategy or that of environment. Entrepreneurial orientation would produce different effect on that of firm performance based on circumstances. Concept of Competitive Strategy Differentiation can help in meeting the demands of the customer in unique manner like that of product design, speed and that of flexibility. Cost leadership is mainly focused on getting low cost structure the products to be offered at low cost as compared to that of the competitors by taking recourse to economy of scale (Boso, Story and Cadogan 2013). Mixed strategy balances offering the traditional products with that of new products by imitating successful new products of that of the competitors. Impact of entrepreneurial orientation, competitive strategy and firm performance The originalizers are the firms that provide latest offering by the help of innovative products and services. Originalizers aim at meeting the demands in unique manner and differentiation will be the choice over that of cost leadership. The primary aim is to produce products that have value added benefits and cost is not much important in this case. The firms that are systematizers focus on the aspect of providing standard along with offerings of low cost to that of the customers. Cost leadership acts as the primary choice of strategy over that of differentiation as the systematizers focus on the aspect of cost reduction together with that of efficiency. It has been stated by Covin and Miller (2014) that cost leadership is integrally associated with that of upfront investment in arenas like that of technology along with that of equipment. The higher investments made compel the managers to show more of risk-taking behavior. The evaluators offer successful offerings to that of the customers. In order to achieve this, evaluation is carried out in relation to the products along with services that are offered to that of the customers. Mixed strategy that includes that of cost leadership along with that of differentiation along with that of differentiation can be achieved with the help of a balancing act. It has been argued by Lechner Gudmundsson (2014) that difference from that of systematizers along with originalizers is on account of risk aversion that can be received with the help of a mixed strategy. Evaluators that has a mixed strategy does not have similar demands like those that possess strategy of that of pure cost leadership. Configuration theory rests on the idea that organizations fall under a ambit of state of that of internal coherence within that of a collection of theoretical attributes. Firms should make fundamental changes so that it can steer clear of in-between states. Derived conclusion like that of typologies can help a researcher in organizing complex relationship into that of profound explanation (Boso, Story and Cadogan 2013). Examination in relation to entrepreneurial orientation profile along with competitive strategy produces a fine-grained view in relation to multi-dimensional linkage that can augment the performance of the firm. Previous research carried out has demonstrated empirical support for that of the configurational nature in relation to EO subdivision. It has been stated by Linton Kask (2017) that the subdivisions of that of Entrepreneurial Orientation have varied relationships with that of performance that is dependent on that of configurational setting within which the sub- divisions are located. The three subdivisions of Entrepreneurial Orientation have innovative interactions within the context of that of competitive strategy. It has been brought out with the help of research that combining the EO dimensions with that of the mixing of competitive strategies can prove to be fruitful for the firm. This opinion stands in contrast to the findings of Wales, Parida Patel (2013) who do not consider the possibility of mixing that of the competitive strategies. It has been brought out with the help of studies conducted that differentiation when combined with that of pro-activeness without the factor of risk-taking suggest that the EO sub-divisions can be present simultaneously when the other EO subdivision are absent. This points out to the fact that if the EO construct is perceived as that of a formative construct can provide a vast picture of the whole understanding of the understanding of that of the EO construct (Anderson and Eshima 2013). Combination of the EO postures of that of the firm with that of the best competitive strategy can help in the growth of an organization. Firms should not merely focus on the aspect of being more entrepreneurial but they should focus on certain dimensions of that of entrepreneurship that can perfectly fit with that of their strategy. The firms should adopt that of a competitive strategy that can match with that of the particular profile of EO. For the firms that are small differentiation can become a necessary strategy that can happen either on its own or after combination with that of cost leadership which depends on various entrepreneurial conditions. Conclusion The growth of an organization can be facilitated by combining the EO posture of that of the company with the best-suited competitive strategy. Merely focusing on the aspect of being entrepreneurial will not augment the performance but rather emphasis should be laid on certain elements in relation to entrepreneurship that best harmonizes with the strategy of the firm. References: Anderson, B.S. and Eshima, Y., 2013. The influence of firm age and intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth among Japanese SMEs.Journal of Business Venturing,28(3), pp.413-429. Boso, N., Story, V.M. and Cadogan, J.W., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties, and performance: Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy.Journal of Business Venturing,28(6), pp.708-727. Covin, J.G. and Miller, D., 2014. International entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(1), pp.11-44. Lechner, C. and Gudmundsson, S.V., 2014. Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance.International Small Business Journal,32(1), pp.36-60. Linton, G. and Kask, J., 2017. Configurations of entrepreneurial orientation and competitive strategy for high performance.Journal of Business Research,70, pp.168-176. Wales, W.J., Gupta, V.K. and Mousa, F.T., 2013. Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research.International Small Business Journal,31(4), pp.357-383. Wales, W.J., Parida, V. and Patel, P.C., 2013. Too much of a good thing? Absorptive capacity, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation.Strategic Management Journal,34(5), pp.622-633.

Watson Engine Company Organization Structure and Teamwork

Executive Summary This report focuses on Watson Engine Company. Located in Eastern England, Watson Engine Company is one of the leading car engine manufacturers in the region. The company has a centralized form of organization structure and embraces teamwork in its operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Watson Engine Company Organization Structure and Teamwork specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result of the entrance of new companies into the industry coupled with changes in production technologies, the company has been facing a lot of challenges in meeting the needs of their customers. However, with the change in its organization structure and production technologies, the company stands a high change of retaining its customers and attracting new ones hence having a competitive edge over its rivals. Introduction This report shall focus on Watson Engine Company. Watson Engine Company is a leading car engin e manufacturing in Eastern England. Started out as a family business, the company now has a staff of over 200 employees made up of 125 semi-skilled workers, 54 skilled workers and 27 employees at the managerial level. This report shall focus on the organization structure of the company, teams and teamwork and finally come up with recommendations on means through which the company will improve on its operations. Organization Structure Watson Engine Company uses the centralized form of organization structure in the process of running and managing its operations. The organization structure of the company is old fashioned and hierarchical in nature that minimizes the influence of the employees in the running of the organization. They therefore do not feel as part and parcel of the organization (Sign, 2009). All of the decisions are made at the top level. The manager, Mr. Gordon Watson rarely visits the operation floor leaving this responsibility to the operations manager. Below the oper ation manager is the production manager, a young enthusiastic man who has had a bright career in companies based in Germany and England. Despite the efforts he has put across in his position to ensure that the company’s operation are efficient, he feels like the company need to incorporate the use of information technology in its running. The company thus needs to adapt and use new technology in the production and manufacturing of its products to keep up with the pace of other companies. However, the management has not put up any effort to implement his ideas. Considering the information above, Watson Company does not involve the workers at lower levels in decision-making nor does it they utilize their ideas. The current theories on management postulate that it is the workers at the low levels who have first hand information about the internal and external matters that affect the affairs of a company (Marchewka, 2006). They are therefore the best people to make decisions for the company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Watson Company however does not consider this fact. The flow of information in this company is one way; from top managerial level to the bottom. This is not good for the company because there are high chances that the information will be distorted as it moves from one level to another. On the other hand, the voice of the people at the lower levels is not heard. These people do not feel free to talk about their problems to their superiors. In the end, their performance becomes poor which in turn pulls down the production of the company. Teams and Team Working It is important for an organization to involve employees its affairs (PMBOK, 2000). The best approach to do this is through the establishment of teams among the workers (Human Resources, 2011). Different teams perform different tasks that the organization is involved in. Throu gh teamwork these different groups work together to ensure that the goals and objectives which have been set up by the organization. Watson Engine Company is made of a network of teams who work together to ensure that the entire consumer needs are met. These teams work hand in hand with each other. The individuals who are in these teams are skilled in their relevant skills. The company also allows for the rotation of individuals from one department to the other thus workers develop even new skills while they work at the firm (Sign, 2009). The company, through its policies, allows its workers to further their education and skills to improve the excellence of their work. The company is normally involved in a serious of projects all over eastern part of England. Each project is conducted by a specific team. On its completion, the team is disbanded and rearranged in preparation of a new project. Watson Engine Company therefore encourages teams and team working, a factor that has contrib uted greatly to the success of the company over the years (PMBOK, 2000). Measures of Teamwork A measure that can be used to determine the level of teamwork in the organization is the quality of the goods that the company has been producing and the ease at which it is able to meet its deadline. For the last several decades, Watson Engine Company has been credited as one of the best companies that manufacture various parts and components of car engines. Despite the low utilization of Information Technology, modern production methods and entry of new production companies, Watson Engine Company still has a large market share over its rivals. This can only be credited to the high quality work that is provided by its employees. Impacts of Existing Structures Watson Engine Company still embraces an old-fashioned organization structure that is hierarchical. This has impacted the organization culture of the firm in a negative way. Low levels employees are not involved in the process of decis ion-making, they are not well represented due to lack of a formal trade union and information only flows in one direction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Watson Engine Company Organization Structure and Teamwork specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This creates a poor working environment for the employees and in turn reduces their level and quality of production. However, through embracing the concept of teamwork, the company has managed to motivate employees to collectively meet their targets and maintain the quality of their work at a desirable level. Improvements In order for the firm to operate in an effective and efficient manner, a number of changes need to be implemented in its operations. First, the company needs to adopt a decentralized organization structure that requires the participation of all employees in the running and management of the firm. This will improve decision making within the company and communication as the views of employees of all levels shall be heard and put into consideration. This will in turn motivate employees of all levels and boost production. The company should also embrace the use of modern production techniques and incorporate fully IT in its operations. This will further improve on their production efficiency. Conclusion Watson Engine Company is one of the leading engine production companies in England. However, its operations have been shunned due to its poor organization structure and its resistance to change. However, the company has managed to maintain its market share by maintaining its quality of production as a result of teamwork from its employees. Therefore, for the organization to be sustainable in the short run and in the long run, the company should adopt a decentralized organization structure and embrace change. References Human Resources. (2011). Team Building and Empowerment. Human Resources.  Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecare ers.com/team-building-4161668 Marchewka, J. (2006). Information Technology Project Management. New Delhi: Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2006. PMBOK (2000). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sign, K. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Text and Cases. Mumbai: Pearson Education. 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